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Battle of Plymouth History, Battle of Plymouth Map, Battle of Plymouth Civil War, Fort Macon, Fort
Roanoke Island, Hatteras Inlet Battery, CSS Albemarle Photo, Confederate Navy Photo, Union Navy Ships
Plymouth
Other Names: None
Location: Washington County
| Map of Plymouth, North Carolina |

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Campaign: Operations against Plymouth (April-May 1864)
Date(s): April 17-20, 1864
Principal Commanders: Col. Henry W. Wessells [US]; Maj. Gen.
R. F. Hoke [CS]
Forces Engaged: Plymouth Garrison (4 infantry and artillery units)
[US]; Hoke’s Division [CS]
Estimated Casualties: 2,834 total
Result(s): Confederate victory
| Gen. Robert F. Hoke Memorial |

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Description: In a combined operation with the CSS ram Albemarle (aka CSS Albemarle), Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. R.
F. Hoke, attacked the Federal garrison at Plymouth on April 17. On
April 19, the ram appeared in the river, sinking the Smithfield, damaging the Miami, and driving off the other Union ships
supporting the Plymouth garrison. Confederate forces captured Fort Comfort, driving defenders into Fort Williams. On the 20th, the garrison surrendered. Securing North Carolina's coast had
been a strategic objective in Gen. Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan. (See Battle of Plymouth: A History.)
"I have stormed and captured this place [Plymouth], capturing 1 brigadier, 1600 men, stores, and 25 pieces of artillery."
Brigadier General Robert F. Hoke, April 20, 1864*
| Battle of Plymouth |

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| Civil War Battle of Plymouth |

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(Right) Battle of Plymouth historical marker.
*D. H. Hill, Jr., Confederate Military History Of North Carolina: North Carolina
In The Civil War, 1861-1865, p. 174, places the number at "nearly 3,000 men and 25 pieces of artillery,"
which would be the entire Federal garrison. It appears that Hoke's preliminary
report, dated April 20, 1864, is quoted by many authors and historians, but, since the entire garrison had surrendered, the
number of "nearly [less] 3,000" would include the after battle report, less Confederate casualties.
On page 193, furthermore, Hill, quoting Colonel Henry Burgwyn of the 26th
North Carolina, states: "Capturing Plymouth...with some [at least] 2,500 prisoners." Both Confederate and Union official reports
and records also place the Union total between 2,500 and 3,000.
CSS Albemarle
Pictures (R.G. Skerrett, 1899) Paintings
Pictures Courtesy the U.S. Naval Historical Center: Navy Art Collection
Paintings
| CSS Albemarle |

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Sources: National Park Service; Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies.
Recommended Reading: Battle of Plymouth, North Carolina
(April 17-20, 1864): The Last Confederate Victory, by Juanita Patience Moss. Description: Are you familiar
with the Battle of Plymouth? Not Plymouth, Massachusetts,
but how about Plymouth, North Carolina?
If you have never heard of it, you are in the company of many others, even those who consider themselves avid Civil War buffs.
The Battle of Plymouth took place April 17-20, 1864, during the “Operations against Plymouth,”
and even though the engagement was one year before Lee surrendered to Grant, the sounds of America’s
costliest and bloodiest conflict would yield havoc on North Carolina’s
coastal communities. Continued below…
In
this fascinating book, you will read about the second largest battle in North Carolina
and it was fought at a small North Carolina coastal town
named Plymouth,
where the Confederates tasted their last victory. Intense action transpired during those four days, and the atmosphere was
filled with surprise, fate, intrigue, bravery, ingenuity, hope, daring, dedication, gallantry, victory, disappointment, and
defeat. The battle witnessed the likes of Cooke, Cushing, Flusser, Hoke, and Wessells, and the formidable CSS Albemarle, an
ironclad warship that was not built in the traditional shipyard, but rather in a Southern cornfield. The battle epitomized
the brothers’ war, with North Carolina Federal regiments fighting their North Carolina Confederate brethren; it also
witnessed African American regiments (USCT) in the thick of the fight. The combined Union
and Confederate casualties were just shy of 3,000, and the author offers an informative, enlightening, and interesting view
of the “Last Confederate Victory."
Although a bit repetitive, it is a worthy addition because it
is the only full-length text dedicated to the battle. It is a welcome addition to North Carolina
and school libraries, and to the buff that enjoys reading about the lesser-known Civil War battles and it troops (Union and Confederate) that fought valiantly. Three stars.
Recommended
Reading: Storm over Carolina: The Confederate Navy's Struggle for Eastern
North Carolina. Description: The struggle for control of the eastern waters of North Carolina
during the War Between the States was a bitter, painful, and sometimes humiliating one for the Confederate navy. No better
example exists of the classic adage, "Too little, too late." Burdened by the lack of adequate warships, construction
facilities, and even ammunition, the South's naval arm fought bravely and even recklessly to stem the tide of the Federal
invasion of North Carolina from the raging Atlantic. Storm Over Carolina is the account of the Southern navy's struggle in North Carolina waters and it is a saga of crushing defeats interspersed with moments of
brilliant and even spectacular victories. It is also the story of dogged Southern determination and incredible perseverance
in the face of overwhelming odds. Continued below...
For most of
the Civil War, the navigable portions of the Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Chowan, and Pasquotank rivers were
occupied by Federal forces. The Albemarle and Pamlico sounds, as well as most of the coastal towns and counties, were also
under Union control. With the building of the river ironclads, the Confederate navy at last could strike a telling blow against
the invaders, but they were slowly overtaken by events elsewhere. With the war grinding to a close, the last Confederate vessel
in North Carolina waters was destroyed. William T. Sherman
was approaching from the south, Wilmington was lost, and the
Confederacy reeled as if from a mortal blow. For the Confederate navy, and even more so for the besieged citizens of eastern
North Carolina, these were stormy days indeed. Storm Over Carolina describes their story, their struggle, their history.
Recommended
Reading: Ironclads and Columbiads:
The Coast (The Civil War in North Carolina)
(456 pages). Description: Ironclads
and Columbiads covers some of the most important battles and campaigns in the state. In January 1862, Union forces
began in earnest to occupy crucial points on the North Carolina
coast. Within six months, Union army and naval forces effectively controlled coastal North Carolina
from the Virginia line south to present-day Morehead
City. Union setbacks in Virginia, however, led to the withdrawal of many
federal soldiers from North Carolina, leaving only enough Union troops to hold a few coastal strongholds—the vital ports
and railroad junctions. The South during the Civil War, moreover, hotly contested the North’s ability to maintain its
grip on these key coastal strongholds.
Recommended
Reading: The Civil War in the Carolinas (Hardcover). Description: Dan Morrill relates the
experience of two quite different states bound together in the defense of the Confederacy, using letters, diaries, memoirs,
and reports. He shows how the innovative operations of the Union army and navy
along the coast and in the bays and rivers of the Carolinas affected the general course of
the war as well as the daily lives of all Carolinians. He demonstrates the "total war" for North Carolina's vital coastal railroads and ports. In the latter
part of the war, he describes how Sherman's operation cut
out the heart of the last stronghold of the South. Continued below...
The author
offers fascinating sketches of major and minor personalities, including the new president and state governors, Generals Lee,
Beauregard, Pickett, Sherman, D.H. Hill, and Joseph E. Johnston. Rebels and abolitionists, pacifists and unionists, slaves
and freed men and women, all influential, all placed in their context with clear-eyed precision. If he were wielding a needle
instead of a pen, his tapestry would offer us a complete picture of a people at war. Midwest Book Review: The Civil War in the Carolinas by civil war expert and historian
Dan Morrill (History Department, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, and Director of the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historical
Society) is a dramatically presented and extensively researched survey and analysis of the impact the American Civil War had
upon the states of North Carolina and South Carolina, and the people who called these states their home. A meticulous, scholarly,
and thoroughly engaging examination of the details of history and the sweeping change that the war wrought for everyone, The
Civil War In The Carolinas is a welcome and informative addition to American Civil War Studies reference collections.
Recommended
Reading: The
Civil War in Coastal North Carolina (175 pages) (North Carolina Division of Archives and History). Description: From the drama of blockade-running to graphic descriptions of battles on the state's islands and sounds,
this book portrays the explosive events that took place in North Carolina's coastal region during the Civil War.
Topics discussed include the strategic importance of coastal North Carolina,
Federal occupation of coastal areas, blockade-running, and the impact of war on civilians along the Tar Heel coast.
Recommended
Reading: Lifeline of the Confederacy: Blockade Running During the Civil War (Studies in Maritime History Series). From Library Journal: From the profusion of books
about Confederate blockade running, this one will stand out for a long time as the most complete and exhaustively researched.
Though not unaware of the romantic aspects of his subject, Wise sets out to provide a detailed study, giving particular attention
to the blockade runners' effects on the Confederate war effort. It was, he finds, tapping hitherto unused sources, absolutely
essential, affording the South a virtual lifeline of military necessities until the war's last days. This book covers it all:
from cargoes to ship outfitting, from individuals and companies to financing at both ends. An indispensable addition to Civil
War literature.
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