SECOND DEFENSE OF FORT FISHER January 13-15, 1865

DEFENDERS OF FORT FISHER Maj. Gen. William Henry Chase Whiting, adviser and volunteer combatant

Col. William Lamb
36th North Carolina Regiment (2nd Artillery), commanding

1st Battalion North Carolina Heavy Artillery
Co. D, Capt. James L. McCormic

3rd Battalion North Carolina Light Artillery
Co. C (Sutton's Battery), Capt. John M. Sutton

10th North Carolina Regiment (1st Artillery)
Maj. James Reilly, commanding
Co. F, Capt. Edward D. Walsh
Co. K (Shaw's Battery), Capt. William Shaw, Jr.

13th Battalion North Carolina Light Artillery
Co. D, Capt. Zachariah T. Adams

36th North Carolina Regiment (2nd Artillery)
Col. William Lamb, commanding
2nd Co. A (Murphy's Battery), Capt. Robert Murphy
3rd Co. B (Bladen Stars), Capt. Daniel Munn
2nd Co. C (Braddy's Battery), Capt. Kinchen Braddy
2nd Co. D (Anderson Artillery), Capt. Edward Dudley
Co. E (Powell's Artillery), Capt. Oliver Powell
Co. F (Hunter's Company), Acting Capt. Exum Lewis Hunter
3rd Co. G (Russell's Battery), Lt. William Swain
Co. H (Clarendon Guards), Capt. Daniel Patterson
2nd Co. I (Bladen Artillery), Capt. John T. Melvin
Co. K (Brunswick Artillery), Capt. William Brooks

40th North Carolina Regiment (3rd Artillery)
Co. D (Bay River Artillery), Capt. James Lane
Co. E (Scotch Greys), Capt. Malcomb H. McBryde
3rd Co. G, Capt. George Buchan
2nd Co. K (Bladen Artillery Guards), Capt. Daniel James Clark

Detachment of C. S. Navy
Capt. Robert T. Chapman

Detachment of C. S. Marines
Capt. A. C. Van Benthuysen

Hagood's Brigade 11th South Carolina (detachment) 21st South Carolina (detachment), Capt. D. G. DuBose 25th South Carolina (detachment), Capt. James Carson

DEFENDERS OF THE SUGAR LOAF LINE Hoke's Division (From the Army of Northern Virginia) Maj. Gen. Robert F. Hoke

Clingman's Brigade
Col. Hector McKethan
8th North Carolina, Lt. Col. Rufus A. Barrier
31st North Carolina, Lt. Col. Charles Knight
51st North Carolina, Capt. James W. Lippitt
61st North Carolina, Col. William S. Devane

Colquitt's Brigade
Brig. Gen. Alfred H. Colquitt
6th Georgia, Col. John T. Lofton
19th Georgia, Col. James H. Neal
23rd Georgia, Col. Marcus R. Ballenger
27th Georgia, Capt. Elisha D. Graham
28th Georgia, Capt. John A. Johnson

Hagood's Brigade
Col. Robert F. Graham
7th South Carolina Battalion, Lt. Col. James H. Rion
11th South Carolina, Col. F. Hay Gantt
21st South Carolina
25th South Carolina
27th South Carolina

Kirkland's Brigade
Brig. Gen. William W. Kirkland
17th North Carolina, Lt. Col. Thomas H. Sharp
42nd North Carolina, Col. John E. Brown
66th North Carolina, Col. John H. Nethercutt

Cavalry 2nd South Carolina, Col. Thomas J. Lipscomb

Artillery 3rd Battalion North Carolina Light Artillery Co. A (Northampton Artillery), Capt. Andrew J. Ellis

10th North Carolina Regiment (1st Artillery)
2nd Co. I (Southerland's Battery), Capt. Thomas Southerland

Staunton Hill Artillery (Paris's Battery),
Capt. Andrew B. Paris

Recommended Reading: Hurricane of Fire: The Union Assault on Fort Fisher (Hardcover). Review: In December 1864 and January 1865, Federal forces launched the greatest amphibious assault the world had yet seen on the Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher, near Wilmington, North Carolina. This was the last seaport available to the South--all of the others had been effectively shut down by the Union's tight naval blockade. The initial attack was a disaster; Fort Fisher, built mainly out of beach sand, appeared almost impregnable against a heavy naval bombardment. When troops finally landed, they were quickly repelled. Continued below…

A second attempt succeeded and arguably helped deliver one of the death blows to a quickly fading Confederacy. Hurricane of Fire is a work of original scholarship, ably complementing Rod Gragg's Confederate Goliath, and the first book to take a full account of the navy's important supporting role in the assault.

Advance to:

Recommended Reading: Confederate Goliath: The Battle of Fort Fisher. From Publishers Weekly: Late in the Civil War, Wilmington, N.C., was the sole remaining seaport supplying Lee's army at Petersburg, Va., with rations and munitions. In this dramatic account, Gragg describes the two-phase campaign by which Union forces captured the fort that guarded Wilmington and the subsequent occupation of the city itself--a victory that virtually doomed the Confederacy. In the initial phase in December 1864, General Ben Butler and Admiral David Porter directed an unsuccessful amphibious assault against Fort Fisher that included the war's heaviest artillery bombardment. Continued below…

The second try in January '65 brought General Alfred Terry's 9000-man army against 1500 ill-equipped defenders, climaxing in a bloody hand-to-hand struggle inside the bastion and an overwhelming Union victory. Although historians tend to downplay the event, it was nevertheless as strategically decisive as the earlier fall of either Vicksburg or Atlanta. Gragg has done a fine job in restoring this important campaign to public attention. Includes numerous photos.

 

Recommended Reading: The Wilmington Campaign and the Battle for Fort Fisher, by Mark A. Moore. Description: Full campaign and battle history of the largest combined operation in U.S. military history prior to World War II. By late 1864, Wilmington was the last major Confederate blockade-running seaport open to the outside world. The final battle for the port city's protector--Fort Fisher--culminated in the largest naval bombardment of the American Civil War, and one of the worst hand-to-hand engagements in four years of bloody fighting. Continued below…

Copious illustrations, including 54 original maps drawn by the author. Fresh new analysis on the fall of Fort Fisher, with a fascinating comparison to Russian defenses at Sebastopol during the Crimean War. “A tour de force. Moore's Fort Fisher-Wilmington Campaign is the best publication of this character that I have seen in more than 50 years.” -- Edwin C. Bearss, Chief Historian Emeritus, National Park Service

 

Recommended Reading: The Wilmington Campaign: Last Departing Rays of Hope. Description: While prior books on the battle to capture Wilmington, North Carolina, have focused solely on the epic struggles for Fort Fisher, in many respects this was just the beginning of the campaign. In addition to complete coverage (with significant new information) of both battles for Fort Fisher, "The Wilmington Campaign" includes the first detailed examination of the attack and defense of Fort Anderson. It also features blow-by-blow accounts of the defense of the Sugar Loaf Line and of the operations of Federal warships on the Cape Fear River. This masterpiece of military history proves yet again that there is still much to be learned about the American Civil War. Continued below…

"The Wilmington Campaign is a splendid achievement. This gripping chronicle of the five-weeks' campaign up the Cape Fear River adds a crucial dimension to our understanding of the Confederacy's collapse." -James McPherson, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Battle Cry of Freedom

 

Recommended Reading: Masters of the Shoals: Tales of the Cape Fear Pilots Who Ran the Union Blockade. Description: Lavishly illustrated stories of daring harbor pilots who risked their lives for the Confederacy. Following the Union's blockade of the South's waterways, the survival of the Confederacy depended on a handful of heroes-daring harbor pilots and ship captains-who would risk their lives and cargo to outrun Union ships and guns. Their tales of high adventure and master seamanship became legendary. Masters of the Shoals brings to life these brave pilots of Cape Fear who saved the South from gradual starvation. Continued below…

REVIEWS:

"A valuable and meticulous accounting of one chapter of the South's failing struggle against the Union." -- Washington Times 03/06/04

"An interesting picture of a little appreciated band of professionals...Well documented...an easy read." -- Civil War News June 2004

"An interesting picture of a little appreciated band of professionals...Will be of special interest to Civil War naval enthusiasts." -- Civil War News May 2004

"Offers an original view of a vital but little-known aspect of blockade running." -- Military Images 03/01/04

"Surveys the whole history of the hardy seamen who guided ships around the Cape Fear's treacherous shoals." -- Wilmington Star-News 10/26/03

"The story [McNeil] writes is as personal as a family memoir, as authoritative and enthusiastic as the best history." -- The Advocate 11/15/03

“Outstanding and compelling depictions of seamen courage and tenacity...Heroic, stirring, and gripping stories of the men that dared to confront the might and power of the US Navy.” – americancivilwarhistory.org

 

Recommended Reading: Rebel Gibraltar: Fort Fisher and Wilmington, C.S.A. Description: Even before the rest of North Carolina joined her sister states in secession, the people of the Lower Cape Fear were filled with enthusiasm for the Southern Cause - so much so that they actually seized Forts Johnston and Caswell, at the mouth of the Cape Fear River, weeks before the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter. When the state finally did secede, Wilmington became the most important port city of the Confederacy, keeping Robert E. Lee supplied with the munitions and supplies he needed to fight the war against the North. Continued below…

Dedicated soldiers like William Lamb and W.H.C. Whiting turned the sandy beaches of southern New Hanover and Brunswick Counties into a series of fortresses that kept the Union navy at bay for four years. The mighty Fort Fisher and a series of smaller forts offered safe haven for daring blockade runners that brought in the Confederacy's much-needed supplies. In the process, they turned the quiet port of Wilmington into a boomtown. In this book that was fifteen years in the making, James L. Walker, Jr. has chronicled the story of the Lower Cape Fear and the forts and men that guarded it during America's bloodiest conflict, from the early days of the war to the fall of Wilmington in February 1865.

 

Recommended Reading: Gray Phantoms of the Cape Fear : Running the Civil War Blockade. Description: After the elimination of Charleston in 1863 as a viable entry port for running the blockade, Wilmington, North Carolina, became the major source of external supply for the Confederacy during the Civil War. The story of blockade running on the Cape Fear River was one of the most important factors determining the fate of the South. With detailed and thought-provoking research, author Dawson Carr takes a comprehensive look at the men, their ships, their cargoes, and their voyages. Continued below…

In mid-1863, the small city of Wilmington, North Carolina, literally found itself facing a difficult task: it had to supply Robert E. Lee's army if the South was to continue the Civil War. Guns, ammunition, clothing, and food had to be brought into the Confederacy from Europe, and Wilmington was the last open port. Knowing this, the Union amassed a formidable blockading force off storied Cape Fear. What followed was a contest unique in the annals of warfare. The blockade runners went unarmed, lest their crews be tried as pirates if captured. Neither did the Union fleet wish to sink the runners, as rich prizes were the reward for captured cargoes. The battle was thus one of wits and stealth more than blood and glory. As the Union naval presence grew stronger, the new breed of blockade runners got faster, quieter, lower to the water, and altogether more ghostly and their crews more daring and resourceful. Today, the remains of nearly three dozen runners lie beneath the waters of Cape Fear, their exact whereabouts known to only a few fishermen and boaters. Built for a special mission at a brief moment in time, they faded into history after the war. There had never been ships like the blockade runners, and their kind will never be seen again. Gray Phantoms of the Cape Fear tells the story of their captains, their crews, their cargoes, their opponents, and their many unbelievable escapes. Rare photos and maps. “This book is nothing shy of a must read.”